Having lived through it, many observed that for a long time (prior to the current HR generation), the attitude was "managers were put in power and are therefore implicitly trusted".
Yes, HR's hands may have been tied in certain cases but the plain fact is ... and this is sadly true in many places in corporate America ... many people rose to power who were not competent, good managers. The tragedy is many of them magy have remained in management long enough to do serious damage to not only the careers of others but SAS' long-term trajectory as well.
For a long time, SAS did very little to develop management and cull out those who really were not fit for it. This was no doubt in part a consequence of very rapid growth for the first 10 to 15 years post incorporation (1976) and success of the product with very little competition.
For all the technical innovation that SAS did in those days and the forward thinking model Jim created for a modern tech culture, the company unfortunately evolved significantlyunder a stodgy hierarchical military/government/corporate type paradigm.
That su-ked the life out of a lot of what could've been effective internal entrepreneurship and real R&D research that could've generated better products. By the 2000s when the Internet/cloud revolution went exponential, SAS was largely unable to capture that momentum, and some observed this was largely due to the entrenched management culture.
A few well established tech leaders arose as well as a couple of de facto R&D rock stars. However, the best they were able to do was stretch the existing SAS architecture/services to conform to relatively small aspects of the overall tech trends that were completely changing the game at scale.
You're absolutely correct. This was and is an executive management problem, based in an aging architecture and language paradigm racing toward irrelevance.
As many have pointed out, if Viya it's not the answer, then what is SAS going to do? ... because the legacy SAS architecture and language is ultimately not going to survive the astonishingly fast onslaught of AI.