Let me just say: I've experienced political bu-----t in this company and bad coworkers + bad management is not at all a good time.
If I'm being honest here, some of this (probably most of it) is actually on you. YOU give your coworkers the opportunity to prove you wrong by being uninformed (or less informed) on whatever topic they're "proving your wrong". But can you even know that them correcting you is malicious? Maybe they're more informed than you are and don't want to build the wrong solution / fix the wrong problem?
Let's play with this hypothetical:
In a hypothetical world, you are just as you are now (apparently and often wrong ). In this world, you DON'T have coworkers to correct you. You make bad calls because you are uninformed or flat out wrong. Eventually you lose your job or are demoted (on that path to being fired).
The question is this: are you worse off for having coworkers that correct you? How does them correcting you actually hurt you? Does it make you feel bad for being less informed? Does it make you feel inadequate? Or is it that them correcting you is exposing your inadequacy at your job and THAT is what makes you feel compelled to post something like this. You could look at this like a learning experience and choose to take what you can from them / learn what you can. But instead, your ego is hurt because a coworker or two often correct your wrongs and you've turned to whining about it on the internet.
Here's the truth: you are toxic. Probably more toxic than those that you are describing. Do you expect your coworkers to basically node their head yes in accordance with your stupidity?
You can and should know that what you say and do is provably right at work. If you're not 100% certain on a problem or topic, get to a place where you can be. Saying "I don't know, but I can learn" is a much better route to knowledge and experience than putting up a shallow facade of intelligence.
You can't control your coworkers. To be honest, what you've described as "abuse" is not really not so. Sure it's uncomfortable to be corrected in a group setting, but if you are right about something, present your evidence and stand your ground. If you're not, accept their counter evidence, thank them and move on.