@ae If a Company is under sufficient stress it will qualify for bankruptcy protection, and management may choose bankruptcy on their own terms rather than being forced into bankruptcy by its creditors.
Ford’s 1956 IPO created a dual-class stock structure of Class A and Class B shares. Class B shares have 40% of the voting power regardless of the number or shares, and can only be owned by direct descendants of Henry Ford. Class B stock that falls into the hands of someone outside the Family, say through a divorce, becomes Class A stock. This gives the Family a lot of power to determine how Ford operates and spends its profits. If there were a bankruptcy the dual-class stock structure would surely be replaced with a more conventional stock structure, something the Family would likely resist. I presume this is the reason Ford resisted bankruptcy in 2009 by leveraging every asset it owns rather than Chapter 11 bankruptcy as GM did. In bankruptcy GM was able to break contracts that were underperforming which eliminated a lot of legacy costs.
Normally in a bankruptcy GM would have repaid debt owed the banks first, then with whatever was left pennies on the dollar to bond holders. Pensioners and shareholders would get nothing. But, in the GM Bankruptcy the judge protected the pensioners at the expense of banks and bond holders. This was an unusual outcome, and a reason to take a lump sum payout from Ford if you have any qualms about Ford’s future.