The post from @1mkg is spot on. The old EPRCo was viewed by both the best researchers of acedemia and industry as the pinnacle of career opportunity. You only got an offer and stayed employed if you were delivering on cutting edge business value. The EPRCo staff were world renowned experts that set the bar for much of the oil and gas technologies that emerged in 1970-1980-1990 decades. Look at the authors of the SPE monograph series across all topics, most have EPRCo with a leading presence. Then a funny thing happened - the word “fungible” was discovered by HR and senior management. The decades of 2000-2010- to present then seemed to be focused on developing fungible staff and fungible management - with outcome of collectively d-mbing down the entire organization, and unfortunately creating employees whom generally do not possess the requisite technical depth to be leaders either in their technical area or being effective in making individual risk management decisions as supervisors or managers. A retrospective analysis if ever performed, would show that idea of developing fungible employees actually drove performance to the lowest common denominator, hence a major reason the company lost ground to the other IOCs. The word “fungible”, coupled to the broader hiring emphasis, during the most recent decade on I&D, rather than maintaining focus on developing the most technically and business competent staff, continues to make the lowest common denominator even lower. This is why business decisions are slow to be made and the endless recycle on information is the norm before a decision is made. Many fungible managers have learned that making no decision is actually a decision and the embrace no decision making versus taking on personal risk in making the final decision. This employee development approach has been a conscious choice by HR and senior management, the unintended consequences have not yet been fully acknowledged. Unfortunately, do not hold your breath for the unintended consequences ever to be fully acknowledged, or the employee development system changed, to address this fundamental employee development problem.