Okay. But why can't IBM be agile enough to compete in these new spaces? Mostly because the company is built to support Z. That means that if a bank Z customer has a problem, they have a SVP who plays golf with an IBM VP and that SVP can make a phone call to cause wheels to turn. That is all well and good because important institutional customers can keep the world economy rolling. But it does mean that we have a fat, fat, fat management structure. We have program managers and project managers and process managers and procurement managers and ... And that doesn't even include the bloated and political people management side. (And let's not even start on the whole "design thinking" fraud that is now all the rage.) Is there a problem with this? Several. First of all, it's all geared get to "no." We couldn't do small laser printers because everyone knew that there were physical limitations that made it impossible. Except for Canon and a half a dozen others who just did it. Second, obviously it leads to empire building and the sort of political fights that resemble the animal fights you see on Nat. Geo. Third, with all the political fighting with absolute deadbeats winning, it is just devastating to try to be a conscientious engineer in this miasma. (Time after time, really stupid people get to be in charge...I don't think that most of them took high school math.) Fourth, this is just a really expensive way to operate. I could raise more points but I welcome your points.
OS/2 should have been wake-up call. That team was mostly in Boca and the engineers weren't that bad. (Terrible management, BTW.) But they just plain got rolled by MSFT. Microsoft knew what consumers and businesses wanted (given the state of technology at the time.) IBM had bizarre ideas about "this edition" and "that edition" and what consumers and businesses would want in 20 years. (No consumer, but many businesses, might be interested in the long, long term plan.)
Fast forward to Cloud. The world had many choices including AWS, Azure and something called IBM Cloud. (Blue something or other...I had a login and I can't even remember what that Blue-cr-p was called.) This was even worse in terms of not being in the same league.
Today, WCA just isn't a real thing. And what does it have in common with some of these other ones? That's right: myopic management with absolutely zero technical understanding but with many managers planning their own new empires.
I haven't even talked about the fact that our technical development is being transferred to "low cost" countries. I'm sure they are fine people with lots of smarts. But, especially on Z, the garbage we have is really hard to work with. So getting these fine people with lots of smarts up to speed will be ... difficult.
How did IBM be the "first to end last?" I claim that it is the insanely bloated management structure. And, what is worse, that structure is necessary to support the only thing that matters: Z. (IBM) AI is going to die .... IBM Quantum will be con job for a while. Z17 is helping for the moment. But they refresh cycle is now 3 years and slipping.